Heart rate variability and stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND

Stroke remains one of the most serious complications in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and has been linked to disturbances of the autonomic nervous system.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesized that impaired cardiac autonomic function might be associated with an enhanced stroke risk in AF patients.

METHODS

We enrolled 1922 AF patients who were either in sinus rhythm (SR-group, n=1121) or AF (AF-group, n=801) on a 5-minute resting ECG recording. HRV triangular index (HRVI), standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square root of successive differences of normal-to-normal intervals, mean heart rate, 5-min total power and power in the high frequency, low frequency and very low frequency range were calculated. We constructed Cox regression models to examine the association of HRV parameters with the composite endpoint of stroke or systemic embolism.

RESULTS

Mean age was 71±8 years in the SR group and 75±8 in the AF group. 37 patients in the SR group (3.4%) and 60 patients in the AF group (8.0%) experienced a stroke or systemic embolism during a follow-up time of 5 years. In patients with SR, HRVI <15 was the strongest HRV parameter to be associated with stroke or systemic embolism (hazard ratio 3.04; 95% confidence interval 1.3-7.0; p=0.009) after adjustment for multiple confounders. In the AF group, we found no HRV parameter to be associated with the composite endpoint.

CONCLUSION

HRVI measured during SR on a single 5-minute ECG recording is independently associated with stroke or systemic embolism in AF patients. HRV analysis in SR may help to improve risk stratification in AF patients.