Increased Maternal and Fetal Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Placental CYP27A1 Expression in Pre-eclampsia.

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition, leading to increased cardiovascular risk in later life. A decrease in cholesterol efflux capacity is linked to cardiovascular disease. We hypothesised that, in pre-eclampsia there would be a disruption of maternal/fetal plasma to efflux cholesterol as well as differences in the concentrations of both placental sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and apoA1-binding-protein (AIBP). Total, HDL- and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux were performed with maternal and fetal plasma from women with pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls (both n=17). ApoA1/apoE were quantified by chemiluminescence; 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) by GC-MS. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine placental expression/localisation of CYP27A1, AIBP, apoA1, apoE and SRB1. Maternal and fetal total and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacities were increased in pre-eclampsia (by 10-20%), but ABCA1-mediated efflux was decreased (by 20-35%; P<0.05). Maternal and fetal apoE concentrations were higher in pre-eclampsia. Fetal plasma 27-OHC levels were decreased in pre-eclamptic samples (P<0.05). Placental protein expression of both CYP27A1 and AIBP were localised around fetal vessels and significantly increased in pre-eclampsia (P=0.04). Placental 27-OHC concentrations were also raised in pre-eclampsia (P<0.05). Increased HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and placental CYP27A1/27-OHC could be a rescue mechanism in pre-eclampsia, to remove cholesterol from cells to limit lipid peroxidation and increase placental angiogenesis.