Adamantidis, Antoine RogerAntoine RogerAdamantidisCarter, Matthew CMatthew CCarterde Lecea, LuisLuisde Lecea2024-10-252024-10-252010https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/162476How does the brain regulate the sleep-wake cycle? What are the temporal codes of sleep and wake-promoting neural circuits? How do these circuits interact with each other across the light/dark cycle? Over the past few decades, many studies from a variety of disciplines have made substantial progress in answering these fundamental questions. For example, neurobiologists have identified multiple, redundant wake-promoting circuits in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. Sleep-promoting circuits have been found in the preoptic area and hypothalamus. One of the greatest challenges in recent years has been to selectively record and manipulate these sleep-wake centers in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution. Recent developments in microbial opsin-based neuromodulation tools, collectively referred to as "optogenetics," have provided a novel method to demonstrate causal links between neural activity and specific behaviors. Here, we propose to use optogenetics as a fundamental tool to probe the necessity, sufficiency, and connectivity of defined neural circuits in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.enhypocretins/orexins hypothalamus optogenetics sleep wakefulness600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.7892/boris.1172652012643310.3389/neuro.02.031.2009