Weller, Maurice EmanuelMaurice EmanuelWeller2026-02-262026-02-262026-02-25https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/232836This paper addresses the ethics of VR through sociohistorical contextualization. It integrates social science literature about the context of VR’s original conceptualization, which has so-far been neglected in philosophy. Situating VR in this way reveals that the context and much of the discussions surrounding it are deeply shaped by different varieties of techno- utopian ideologies. The paper distinguishes two strands of this techno-utopianism relating to VR, one being humanist and regarding VR as fostering communication and empathy, the other one being transhumanist, envisioning it as enabling us to overcome human limits and scarcity. The philosophical case for these utopianisms is distilled as consisting in an ideal of immediacy and abundance. These concepts are systematically evaluated from a Hegelian perspective.enVirtual reality · Californian ideology · Techno-utopianism · Immediacy · Abundance · Transhumanism100 - Philosophy::170 - Ethicsarticle10.48620/9490410.1007/s10676-026-09891-4