Naguleswaran, ArunasalamArunasalamNaguleswaran0000-0002-9509-485XRoditi, IsabelIsabelRoditi0000-0003-2812-65132024-10-252024-10-252017-10https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/162505We provide a simple protocol enabling cyclical transmission of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to be performed without the need for mammals. These procedures have two advantages: they are in line with 3R principles of animal use - replace, refine, reduce - and may enable more laboratories to study the complete life cycle.en3R concept Animal replacement Metacyclic forms Salivary glands Trypanosome Tsetse500 - Science::570 - Life sciences; biologyarticle10.7892/boris.1173012884378210.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.08.005