Yüncü, ErenErenYüncüDoğu, Ayça KüçükakdağAyça KüçükakdağDoğuKaptan, DamlaDamlaKaptanKılıç, Muhammed SıddıkMuhammed SıddıkKılıçMazzucato, CamillaCamillaMazzucatoGüler, Merve NMerve NGülerEker, ElifnazElifnazEkerKatırcıoğlu, BüşraBüşraKatırcıoğluChyleński, MaciejMaciejChyleńskiVural, Kıvılcım BaşakKıvılcım BaşakVuralSağlıcan, EkinEkinSağlıcanAtağ, GözdeGözdeAtağBozkurt, DefneDefneBozkurtPearson, JessicaJessicaPearsonSevkar, ArdaArdaSevkarAltınışık, N EzgiN EzgiAltınışıkMilella, MarcoMarcoMilella0000-0003-1027-6601Karamurat, CansuCansuKaramuratAktürk, ŞevvalŞevvalAktürkYurttaş, Emre DenizEmre DenizYurttaşYıldız, NisanNisanYıldızKoptekin, DilekDilekKoptekinYorulmaz, SevgiSevgiYorulmazKazancı, Duygu DenizDuygu DenizKazancıAydoğan, AyçaAyçaAydoğanGürün, KanatKanatGürünSchotsmans, Eline M JEline M JSchotsmansAnvari, JanaJanaAnvariRosenstock, EvaEvaRosenstockByrnes, JenniferJenniferByrnesBiehl, Peter FPeter FBiehlOrton, DavidDavidOrtonLagerholm, Vendela KempeVendela KempeLagerholmGemici, Hasan CanHasan CanGemiciVasic, MilenaMilenaVasicMarciniak, ArkadiuszArkadiuszMarciniakAtakuman, ÇiğdemÇiğdemAtakumanErdal, Yılmaz SelimYılmaz SelimErdalKırdök, EmrahEmrahKırdökPilloud, MarinMarinPilloudLarsen, Clark SpencerClark SpencerLarsenHaddow, Scott DScott DHaddowGötherström, AndersAndersGötherströmKnüsel, Christopher JChristopher JKnüselÖzer, FüsunFüsunÖzerHodder, IanIanHodderSomel, MehmetMehmetSomel2025-06-302025-06-302025-06-26https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/212506Combining 131 paleogenomes with bioarchaeological and archaeological data, we studied social organization and gendered practices in Çatalhöyük East Mound (7100 to 5950 BCE), a major Neolithic settlement in Central Anatolia. In early Çatalhöyük, burials in the same building were frequently close genetic relatives, suggesting that houses were used by biological family members. In later periods, however, individuals buried in the same building were often genetically unrelated, despite sharing similar diets. We found no indication of sex-biased mobility into Çatalhöyük. Meanwhile, in all periods, within-building genetic connections were predominantly maternal rather than paternal. Burials of female subadults also received a higher frequency of gifts than male subadults. Our results reveal how kinship practices changed while specific practices prioritizing female lines persisted for 1000 years at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.enarticle10.48620/888784057011810.1126/science.adr2915