Borner, UrsUrsBornerTschopp, SamuelSamuelTschoppStewart, MichaelMichaelStewartBulut, Cem OlcayCem OlcayBulutFaure, FredericFredericFaurePabst, GuntherGuntherPabstIrvine, RobertRobertIrvineKlein, HilaHilaKleinGhan, ShirishShirishGhanCernea, ClaudioClaudioCerneaAhmad, ZahoorZahoorAhmadEisele, DavidDavidEiselede Paiva Leite, SandroSandrode Paiva LeiteCaversaccio, MarcoMarcoCaversaccioAnschuetz, LukasLukasAnschuetzLopez, Jean MichelJean MichelLopezMarchal, FrancoisFrancoisMarchalNg, Siu-KwanSiu-KwanNgAbboud, OlivierOlivierAbboudMarchal, FrancisFrancisMarchal2025-04-172025-04-172025-08https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/207706Objective Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for treating inflammatory salivary gland diseases, requiring hands-on training due to its steep learning curve. While pig heads have been the standard training model for over two decades, sheep heads have recently emerged as an alternative. This study evaluates the efficiency of sheep heads for sialendoscopy training in newcomers.Methods Participants of the 32nd International Sialendoscopy Hands-on Course (Geneva, 2023) performed sialendoscopies on fresh pig and sheep heads. Self-assessment questionnaires were completed pre- and post-training, with procedures rated on a Likert scale. Tutors evaluated participants using standardized assessments and recorded procedural times.Results Among 52 participants from 27 countries, significant improvement in diagnostic sialendoscopy comfort was reported for both models post-training. Female participants demonstrated higher success rates than male participants in diagnostic (2.8 vs. 2.5, p = 0.03) and therapeutic (2.9 vs. 2.4, p = 0.03) procedures. More participants successfully cannulated the parotid duct on sheep heads, while submandibular gland performance was comparable across models. Self-assessments favored sheep for parotid (63%) and pigs for submandibular (79%). Overall, 53% preferred the pig model, while 47% preferred the sheep.Conclusion Both models are effective for training, with sheep heads offering advantages for parotid duct procedures. Despite the pig model's broader applications, logistical, cultural, and ethical constraints make sheep heads a viable alternative for sialendoscopy training.Level Of Evidence N/A.enovine modelporcine modelsalivary glandsialendoscopytraining model600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.48620/873464010521510.1002/lary.32126