Stute, PetraPetraStuteWildt, LLWildtNeulen, JJNeulen2024-10-082024-10-082018-04https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/63794Postmenopausal women with an intact uterus using estrogen therapy should receive a progestogen for endometrial protection. The debate on bioidentical hormones including micronized progesterone has increased in recent years. Based on a systematic literature review on the impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) containing micronized progesterone on the mammary gland, an international expert panel's recommendations are as follows: (1) estrogens combined with oral (approved) or vaginal (off-label use) micronized progesterone do not increase breast cancer risk for up to 5 years of treatment duration; (2) there is limited evidence that estrogens combined with oral micronized progesterone applied for more than 5 years are associated with an increased breast cancer risk; and (3) counseling on combined MHT should cover breast cancer risk - regardless of the progestogen chosen. Yet, women should also be counseled on other modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in order to balance the impact of combined MHT on the breast.enMicronized progesterone breast biopsy breast cancer risk breast density combined estrogen–progestogen therapy hormone therapy menopause600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.7892/boris.1258942938440610.1080/13697137.2017.1421925