Cartapanis, OlivierOlivierCartapanisJonkers, LukasLukasJonkersMoffa-Sanchez, PaolaPaolaMoffa-SanchezJaccard, SamuelSamuelJaccard0000-0002-5793-0896de Vernal, AnneAnnede Vernal2024-10-112024-10-112022-10-03https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/87885Inconsistencies between Holocene climate reconstructions and numerical model simulations question the robustness of climate models and proxy temperature records. Climate reconstructions suggest an early-middle Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) followed by gradual cooling, whereas climate models indicate continuous warming. This discrepancy either implies seasonal biases in proxy-based climate reconstructions, or that the climate model sensitivity to forcings and feedbacks needs to be reevaluated. Here, we analyze a global database of Holocene paleotemperature records to investigate the spatiotemporal structure of the HTM. Continental proxy records at mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere portray a "classic" HTM (8-4 ka). In contrast, marine proxy records from the same latitudes reveal an earlier HTM (11-7ka), while a clear temperature anomaly is missing in the tropics. The results indicate a heterogeneous response to climate forcing and highlight the lack of globally synchronous HTM.en500 - Science::550 - Earth sciences & geologyarticle10.48350/1735003619242010.1038/s41467-022-33362-1