Viz-Lasheras, SandraSandraViz-LasherasGómez-Carballa, AlbertoAlbertoGómez-CarballaPardo-Seco, JacoboJacoboPardo-SecoBello, XabierXabierBelloRivero-Calle, IreneIreneRivero-CalleDacosta, Ana IsabelAna IsabelDacostaKaforou, MyrsiniMyrsiniKaforouHabgood-Coote, DominicDominicHabgood-CooteCunnington, Aubrey JAubrey JCunningtonEmonts, MariekeMariekeEmontsHerberg, Jethro AJethro AHerbergWright, Victoria JVictoria JWrightCarrol, Enitan DEnitan DCarrolPaulus, Stephane CStephane CPaulusZenz, WernerWernerZenzKohlfürst, Daniela SDaniela SKohlfürstVan der Flier, MichielMichielVan der Flierde Groot, RonaldRonaldde GrootSchlapbach, Luregn JLuregn JSchlapbachAgyeman, PhilippPhilippAgyeman0000-0002-8339-5444Pollard, Andrew JAndrew JPollardFink, ColinColinFinkKuijpers, Taco TTaco TKuijpersAnderson, SuzanneSuzanneAndersonCalvo, CristinaCristinaCalvoMartínez-Padilla, María Del CarmenMaría Del CarmenMartínez-PadillaPérez-Aragón, AnaAnaPérez-AragónGómez-Sánchez, EstebanEstebanGómez-SánchezValencia-Ramos, JuanJuanValencia-RamosGiménez-Sánchez, FranciscoFranciscoGiménez-SánchezAlonso-Quintela, PaulaPaulaAlonso-QuintelaMoreno-Galarraga, LauraLauraMoreno-Galarragavon Both, UlrichUlrichvon BothPokorn, MarkoMarkoPokornZavadska, DaceDaceZavadskaTsolia, MaríaMaríaTsoliaVermont, Clementien LClementien LVermontMoll, Henriëtte AHenriëtte AMollLevin, MichaelMichaelLevinMartinón-Torres, FedericoFedericoMartinón-TorresSalas, AntonioAntonioSalas2025-03-102025-03-102025-02-21https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/204686Pneumonia stands as the primary cause of death among children under five, yet current diagnosis methods often result in inadequate or unnecessary treatments. Our research seeks to address this gap by identifying host transcriptomic biomarkers in the blood of children with definitive viral and bacterial pneumonia. We performed RNA sequencing on 192 prospectively collected whole blood samples, including 38 controls and 154 pneumonia cases, uncovering a 5-transcript signature (genes FAM20A, BAG3, TDRD9, MXRA7, and KLF14) that effectively distinguishes bacterial from viral pneumonia (area under the curve (AUC): 0.95 [0.88-1.00]). Initial validation using combined definitive and probable cases yielded an AUC of 0.87 [0.77-0.97], while full validation in a new prospective cohort of 32 patients achieved an AUC of 0.92 [0.83-1.00]. This robust signature holds significant potential to enhance diagnostics accuracy for pediatric pneumonia, reducing diagnostic delays and unnecessary treatments and potentially transforming clinical practice.enBody substance sampleClinical microbiologyDiagnosticsPediatricsTranscriptomics600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.48620/858323990655710.1016/j.isci.2025.111747