Saely, Christoph HChristoph HSaelySchindewolf, MarcMarcSchindewolfZanolin, DanielaDanielaZanolinHeinzle, Christine FChristine FHeinzleVonbank, AlexanderAlexanderVonbankSilbernagel, GüntherGüntherSilbernagelLeiherer, AndreasAndreasLeihererDrexel, HeinzHeinzDrexelBaumgartner, IrisIrisBaumgartner2024-10-072024-10-072018-12https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/62164BACKGROUND AND AIMS The individual and combined effects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) on future cardiovascular events are unknown and are addressed in the present investigation. METHODS Cardiovascular events were prospectively recorded in 1049 subjects, encompassing 4 groups: 558 with neither PAD nor diabetes, 153 with T2DM but without PAD, 192 with PAD but without T2DM and 146 with the combination of PAD and T2DM. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 7.2 ± 2.6 years, the cardiovascular event rate was lowest in patients with neither PAD nor T2DM (16.7%). Compared to this group the event rate was not significantly increased in T2DM patients without PAD (22.2%, p = 0.077) but higher in non-diabetic patients with PAD (52.6%; p < 0.001) and further increased in patients with both PAD and T2DM (71.2%; p < 0.001). Nondiabetic PAD patients were at a higher cardiovascular risk than T2DM patients without PAD (p < 0.001). Compared to those with neither PAD nor T2DM, hazard ratios after multivariate adjustment were 1.26 [0.84-1.91]; p = 0.267, 4.17 [2.97-5.85]; p < 0.001, and 7.82 [5.49-11.12]; p < 0.001 for those with T2DM only, for those with PAD only and for those with the combination of PAD plus diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PAD is a stronger risk factor for future cardiovascular events than T2DM, but T2DM in PAD patients accelerates atherothrombotic disease and strongly increases the incidence of cardiovascular events.enAtherosclerosis Cardiovascular disease Cohort analysis Peripheral artery disease Risk factors Type 2 diabetes600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.7892/boris.1233803039946410.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.031