Strom, Nora I.Nora I.StromGerring, Zachary FZachary FGerringGalimberti, MarcoMarcoGalimbertiYu, DongmeiDongmeiYuHalvorsen, Matthew WMatthew WHalvorsenAbdellaoui, AbdelAbdelAbdellaouiRodriguez-Fontenla, CristinaCristinaRodriguez-FontenlaSealock, Julia MJulia MSealockBigdeli, TimTimBigdeliColeman, Jonathan RJonathan RColemanMahjani, BehrangBehrangMahjaniThorp, Jackson GJackson GThorpBey, KatharinaKatharinaBeyBurton, Christie LChristie LBurtonLuykx, Jurjen JJurjen JLuykxZai, GwynethGwynethZaiAlemany, SilviaSilviaAlemanyAndre, ChristineChristineAndreAskland, Kathleen DKathleen DAsklandBäckman, JuliaJuliaBäckmanBanaj, NerisaNerisaBanajBarlassina, CristinaCristinaBarlassinaNissen, Judith BeckerJudith BeckerNissenBienvenu, O JosephO JosephBienvenuBlack, DonaldDonaldBlackBloch, Michael HMichael HBlochBørte, SigridSigridBørteBosch, RosaRosaBoschBreen, MichaelMichaelBreenBrennan, Brian PBrian PBrennanBrentani, HelenaHelenaBrentaniBuxbaum, Joseph DJoseph DBuxbaumBybjerg-Grauholm, JonasJonasBybjerg-GrauholmByrne, Enda MEnda MByrneCabana-Dominguez, JuditJuditCabana-DominguezCamarena, BeatrizBeatrizCamarenaCamarena, AdrianAdrianCamarenaCappi, CarolinaCarolinaCappiCarracedo, AngelAngelCarracedoCasas, MiguelMiguelCasasCavallini, Maria CristinaMaria CristinaCavalliniCiullo, ValentinaValentinaCiulloCook, Edwin HEdwin HCookCrosby, JesseJesseCrosbyCullen, Bernadette ABernadette ACullenDe Schipper, Elles JElles JDe SchipperDelorme, RichardRichardDelormeDjurovic, SrdjanSrdjanDjurovicElias, Jason AJason AEliasEstivill, XavierXavierEstivillFalkenstein, Martha JMartha JFalkensteinFundin, Bengt TBengt TFundinGarner, LaurynLaurynGarnerGironda, ChristinaChristinaGirondaGoes, Fernando SFernando SGoesGrados, Marco AMarco AGradosGrove, JakobJakobGroveGuo, WeiWeiGuoHaavik, JanJanHaavikHagen, KristenKristenHagenHarrington, KellyKellyHarringtonHavdahl, AlexandraAlexandraHavdahlHöffler, Kira DKira DHöfflerHounie, Ana GAna GHounieHucks, DonaldDonaldHucksHultman, ChristinaChristinaHultmanJanecka, MagdalenaMagdalenaJaneckaJenike, EricEricJenikeKarlsson, Elinor KElinor KKarlssonKelley, KaraKaraKelleyKlawohn, JuliaJuliaKlawohnKrasnow, Janice EJanice EKrasnowKrebs, KristiKristiKrebsLange, ChristophChristophLangeLanzagorta, NuriaNuriaLanzagortaLevey, DanielDanielLeveyLindblad-Toh, KerstinKerstinLindblad-TohMacciardi, FabioFabioMacciardiMaher, BrionBrionMaherMathes, BrittanyBrittanyMathesMcArthur, EvonneEvonneMcArthurMcGregor, NathanielNathanielMcGregorMcLaughlin, Nicole CNicole CMcLaughlinMeier, SandraSandraMeierMiguel, Euripedes CEuripedes CMiguelMulhern, MaureenMaureenMulhernNestadt, Paul SPaul SNestadtNurmi, Erika LErika LNurmiO'Connell, Kevin SKevin SO'ConnellOsiecki, LisaLisaOsieckiOusdal, Olga ThereseOlga ThereseOusdalPalviainen, TeemuTeemuPalviainenPedersen, Nancy LNancy LPedersenPiras, FabrizioFabrizioPirasPiras, FedericaFedericaPirasPotluri, SriramyaSriramyaPotluriRabionet, RaquelRaquelRabionetRamirez, AlfredoAlfredoRamirezRauch, ScottScottRauchReichenberg, AbrahamAbrahamReichenbergRiddle, Mark AMark ARiddleRipke, StephanStephanRipkeRosário, Maria CMaria CRosárioSampaio, Aline SAline SSampaioSchiele, Miriam AMiriam ASchieleSkogholt, Anne HeidiAnne HeidiSkogholtSloofman, Laura GLaura GSloofmanSmit, JanJanSmitArtigas, María SolerMaría SolerArtigasThomas, Laurent FLaurent FThomasTifft, EricEricTifftVallada, HomeroHomeroValladavan Kirk, NathanialNathanialvan KirkVeenstra-VanderWeele, JeremyJeremyVeenstra-VanderWeeleVulink, Nienke NNienke NVulinkWalker, Christopher PChristopher PWalkerWang, YingYingWangWendland, Jens RJens RWendlandWinsvold, Bendik SBendik SWinsvoldYao, YinYinYaoZhou, HangHangZhouAgrawal, ArpanaArpanaAgrawalAlonso, PinoPinoAlonsoBerberich, GötzGötzBerberichBucholz, Kathleen KKathleen KBucholzBulik, Cynthia MCynthia MBulikCath, DanielleDanielleCathDenys, DamiaanDamiaanDenysEapen, ValsammaValsammaEapenEdenberg, HowardHowardEdenbergFalkai, PeterPeterFalkaiFernandez, Thomas VThomas VFernandezFyer, Abby JAbby JFyerGaziano, J MJ MGazianoGeller, Dan ADan AGellerGrabe, Hans JHans JGrabeGreenberg, Benjamin DBenjamin DGreenbergHanna, Gregory LGregory LHannaHickie, Ian BIan BHickieHougaard, David MDavid MHougaardKathmann, NorbertNorbertKathmannKennedy, JamesJamesKennedyLai, DongbingDongbingLaiLandén, MikaelMikaelLandénHellard, Stéphanie LeStéphanie LeHellardLeboyer, MarionMarionLeboyerLochner, ChristineChristineLochnerMcCracken, James TJames TMcCrackenMedland, Sarah ESarah EMedlandMortensen, Preben BPreben BMortensenNeale, Benjamin MBenjamin MNealeNicolini, HumbertoHumbertoNicoliniNordentoft, MereteMereteNordentoftPato, MicheleMichelePatoPato, CarlosCarlosPatoPauls, David LDavid LPaulsPiacentini, JohnJohnPiacentiniPittenger, ChristopherChristopherPittengerPosthuma, DanielleDaniellePosthumaRamos-Quiroga, Josep AntoniJosep AntoniRamos-QuirogaRasmussen, Steven ASteven ARasmussenRichter, Margaret AMargaret ARichterRosenberg, David RDavid RRosenbergRuhrmann, StephanStephanRuhrmannSamuels, Jack FJack FSamuelsSandin, SvenSvenSandinSandor, PaulPaulSandorSpalletta, GianfrancoGianfrancoSpallettaStein, Dan JDan JSteinStewart, S EvelynS EvelynStewartStorch, Eric AEric AStorchStranger, Barbara EBarbara EStrangerTuriel, MaurizioMaurizioTurielWerge, ThomasThomasWergeAndreassen, Ole AOle AAndreassenBørglum, Anders DAnders DBørglumWalitza, SusanneSusanneWalitzaHveem, KristianKristianHveemHansen, Bjarne KBjarne KHansenRück, ChristianChristianRückMartin, Nicholas GNicholas GMartinMilani, LiliLiliMilaniMors, OleOleMorsReichborn-Kjennerud, TedTedReichborn-KjennerudRibasés, MartaMartaRibasésKvale, GerdGerdKvaleMataix-Cols, DavidDavidMataix-ColsDomschke, KatharinaKatharinaDomschkeGrünblatt, EdnaEdnaGrünblattWagner, MichaelMichaelWagnerZwart, John-AnkerJohn-AnkerZwartBreen, GeromeGeromeBreenNestadt, GeraldGeraldNestadtKaprio, JaakkoJaakkoKaprioArnold, Paul DPaul DArnoldGrice, Dorothy EDorothy EGriceKnowles, James AJames AKnowlesAsk, HelgaHelgaAskVerweij, Karin JKarin JVerweijDavis, Lea KLea KDavisSmit, Dirk JDirk JSmitCrowley, James JJames JCrowleyScharf, Jeremiah MJeremiah MScharfStein, Murray BMurray BSteinGelernter, JoelJoelGelernterMathews, Carol ACarol AMathewsDerks, Eske MEske MDerksMattheisen, ManuelManuelMattheisen2025-07-032025-07-032025-05-13https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/211198Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects ~1% of children and adults and is partly caused by genetic factors. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis combining 53,660 OCD cases and 2,044,417 controls and identified 30 independent genome-wide significant loci. Gene-based approaches identified 249 potential effector genes for OCD, with 25 of these classified as the most likely causal candidates, including WDR6, DALRD3 and CTNND1 and multiple genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. We estimated that ~11,500 genetic variants explained 90% of OCD genetic heritability. OCD genetic risk was associated with excitatory neurons in the hippocampus and the cortex, along with D1 and D2 type dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons. OCD genetic risk was shared with 65 of 112 additional phenotypes, including all the psychiatric disorders we examined. In particular, OCD shared genetic risk with anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa and Tourette syndrome and was negatively associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, educational attainment and body mass index.en600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & health500 - Science::570 - Life sciences; biologyarticle10.48620/889844036080210.1038/s41588-025-02189-z