Todea, Alexandra RamonaAlexandra RamonaTodeaMelie-Garcia, LesterLesterMelie-GarciaBarakovic, MuhamedMuhamedBarakovicCagol, AlessandroAlessandroCagolRahmanzadeh, RezaRezaRahmanzadehGalbusera, RiccardoRiccardoGalbuseraLu, Po-JuiPo-JuiLuWeigel, MatthiasMatthiasWeigelRuberte, EstherEstherRuberteRadue, Ernst-WilhelmErnst-WilhelmRadueSchaedelin, SabineSabineSchaedelinBenkert, PascalPascalBenkertOezguer, YaldizliYaldizliOezguerSinnecker, TimTimSinneckerMüller, StefanieStefanieMüllerAchtnichts, LutzLutzAchtnichtsVehoff, JochenJochenVehoffDisanto, GiulioGiulioDisantoFindling, OliverOliverFindlingChan, Andrew Hao-KuangAndrew Hao-KuangChanSalmen, AnkeAnkeSalmenPot, CarolineCarolinePotLalive, PatricePatriceLaliveBridel, ClaireClaireBridelZecca, ChiaraChiaraZeccaDerfuss, TobiasTobiasDerfussRemonda, LucaLucaRemondaWagner, FrancaFrancaWagnerVargas, MariaMariaVargasDu Pasquier, RenaudRenaudDu PasquierPravata, EmanueleEmanuelePravataWeber, JohannesJohannesWeberGobbi, ClaudioClaudioGobbiLeppert, DavidDavidLeppertWuerfel, JensJensWuerfelKober, TobiasTobiasKoberMarechal, BenedicteBenedicteMarechalCorredor-Jerez, RicardoRicardoCorredor-JerezPsychogios, MariosMariosPsychogiosLieb, JohannaJohannaLiebKappos, LudwigLudwigKapposCuadra, Meritxell BachMeritxell BachCuadraKuhle, JensJensKuhleGranziera, CristinaCristinaGranziera2024-10-152024-10-152023-09https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/121029BACKGROUND Detecting new and enlarged lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is needed to determine their disease activity. LeMan-PV is a software embedded in the scanner reconstruction system of one vendor, which automatically assesses new and enlarged white matter lesions (NELs) in the follow-up of MS patients; however, multicenter validation studies are lacking. PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of LeMan-PV for the longitudinal detection NEL white-matter MS lesions in a multicenter clinical setting. STUDY TYPE Retrospective, longitudinal. SUBJECTS A total of 206 patients with a definitive MS diagnosis and at least two follow-up MRI studies from five centers participating in the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Cohort study. Mean age at first follow-up = 45.2 years (range: 36.9-52.8 years); 70 males. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (T1-MPRAGE) sequences at 1.5 T and 3 T. ASSESSMENT The study included 313 MRI pairs of datasets. Data were analyzed with LeMan-PV and compared with a manual "reference standard" provided by a neuroradiologist. A second rater (neurologist) performed the same analysis in a subset of MRI pairs to evaluate the rating-accuracy. The Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Accuracy (Acc), F1-score, lesion-wise False-Positive-Rate (aFPR), and other measures were used to assess LeMan-PV performance for the detection of NEL at 1.5 T and 3 T. The performance was also evaluated in the subgroup of 123 MRI pairs at 3 T. STATISTICAL TESTS Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa (CK) were used to evaluate the agreement between readers. RESULTS The interreader agreement was high for detecting new lesions (ICC = 0.97, Pvalue < 10-20 , CK = 0.82, P value = 0) and good (ICC = 0.75, P value < 10-12 , CK = 0.68, P value = 0) for detecting enlarged lesions. Across all centers, scanner field strengths (1.5 T, 3 T), and for NEL, LeMan-PV achieved: Acc = 61%, Se = 65%, Sp = 60%, F1-score = 0.44, aFPR = 1.31. When both follow-ups were acquired at 3 T, LeMan-PV accuracy was higher (Acc = 66%, Se = 66%, Sp = 66%, F1-score = 0.28, aFPR = 3.03). DATA CONCLUSION In this multicenter study using clinical data settings acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T, and variations in MRI protocols, LeMan-PV showed similar sensitivity in detecting NEL with respect to other recent 3 T multicentric studies based on neural networks. While LeMan-PV performance is not optimal, its main advantage is that it provides automated clinical decision support integrated into the radiological-routine flow. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.enlesion activity lesion segmentation longitudinal analysis longitudinal lesion segmentation multiple sclerosis white matter lesions600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.48350/1780503670826710.1002/jmri.28618