V'kovski, PhilipPhilipV'kovskiGultom, Mitra LovelinMitra LovelinGultomKelly, Jenna NicoleJenna NicoleKellySteiner, SilvioSilvioSteiner0000-0003-1999-1425Russeil, JulieJulieRusseilMangeat, BastienBastienMangeatCora, ElisaElisaCoraPezoldt, JoernJoernPezoldtHolwerda, MelleMelleHolwerda0000-0002-9814-7793Kratzel, AnnikaAnnikaKratzelLaloli, LauraLauraLaloliLicheri, Manon FloreManon FloreLicheriPortmann, JasmineJasminePortmannTran, Thi Nhu ThaoThi Nhu ThaoTran0000-0003-3906-4629Ebert, NadineNadineEbertStalder, HanspeterHanspeterStalderHartmann, RuneRuneHartmannGardeux, VincentVincentGardeuxAlpern, DanielDanielAlpernDeplancke, BartBartDeplanckeThiel, Volker EarlVolker EarlThielDijkman, RonaldRonaldDijkman0000-0003-0320-27432024-10-052024-10-052021-03https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/56573Since its emergence in December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and become a major public health burden. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits increased human-to-human transmission dynamics, likely due to efficient early replication in the upper respiratory epithelium of infected individuals. Since different temperatures encountered in the human upper and lower respiratory tract (37°C and 33°C, respectively) have been shown to affect the replication kinetics of several respiratory viruses, as well as host immune response dynamics, we investigated the impact of temperatures during SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection using the primary human airway epithelial cell culture model. SARS-CoV-2, in contrast to SARS-CoV, replicated to higher titers when infections were performed at 33°C rather than 37°C. Although both viruses were highly sensitive to type I and type III interferon pretreatment, a detailed time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed temperature-dependent interferon and pro-inflammatory responses specifically induced by SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, which amplitude was inversely proportional to their replication efficiencies at 33°C or 37°C. These data provide crucial insight on pivotal virus-host interaction dynamics and are in line with characteristic clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, as well as their respective transmission efficiencies.en600 - Technology::630 - Agriculture500 - Science::570 - Life sciences; biology600 - Technology::610 - Medicine & healtharticle10.48350/1552223378043410.1371/journal.pbio.3001158