Noti, MarioMarioNoti0000-0001-9386-1245Sidler, DanielDanielSidlerBrunner, ThomasThomasBrunner2024-10-132024-10-132009https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/103348Glucocorticoids (GC) are lipophilic hormones commonly used as therapeutics in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease due to their attributed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. Although the adrenal glands are the major source of endogenous GC, there is increasing evidence for the production of extra-adrenal GC in the brain, thymus, skin, vasculature, and the intestine. However, the physiological relevance of extra-adrenal-produced GC remains still ambiguous. Therefore, this review attracts attention to discuss possible biological benefits of extra-adrenal-synthesized GC, especially focusing on the impact of locally synthesized GC in the regulation of intestinal immune responses.enarticle10.7892/boris.299701949575900026986330000810.1007/s00281-009-0159-2