Hassanpour, EhsanEhsanHassanpourNasehi, MahsaMahsaNasehiMeymandinezhad, AmirAmirMeymandinezhadWitthauer, LilianLilianWitthauer0000-0001-9459-875X2025-04-242025-04-242025-04-23https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/210066High-precision polarimetry is crucial for sensing and imaging applications, particularly for glucose monitoring within the physiological range of 50 to 400 mg/dl. Traditional approaches often rely on polarisation modulation using magneto-optic or liquid crystal modulators, which require high voltages or currents, limiting their practicality for wearable or implantable devices. In this work, we propose a polarisation-switching technique that alternates between two discrete polarisation states, offering a low-power alternative with miniaturisation potential. Using this method, we achieved a Mean Absolute Relative Difference of 7.7% and a Standard Error of Prediction of 9.6 mg/dl across the physiological glucose range, comparable to commercial continuous glucose monitors. Our approach demonstrates a limit of detection of approximately 40 mg/dl, with measurements performed in phosphate-buffered saline spiked with glucose. This work establishes polarisation switching as a viable alternative for glucose sensing, providing a foundation for future development of wearable and implantable glucose monitoring systems. By eliminating power-intensive components, our approach addresses key limitations of traditional polarimetric methods, paving the way for more accessible and energy-efficient diabetes management technologies.enCGMGlucose sensingOptical biosensorPolarimetryPolarisation switchingarticle10.48620/875244026907810.1038/s41598-025-99367-0