Lateral transfers of large DNA fragments spread functional genes among grasses

In multicellular organisms, exchange of genetic information occurs mainly among individuals belonging to the same species through sexual reproduction. Lateral gene transfer between distantly related taxa has been demonstrated in some cases, but its frequency and evolutionary importance have been controversial. By comparing genomes of many grasses, we show that large blocks of DNA containing functional genes are laterally passed among distantly related species. Some of these genes are then used by the recipient species, expanding their genetic toolkit. The spread of functional genes across grasses that have developed distinct physiological and ecological adaptations may therefore represent a significant evolutionary driving force in this globally important group of plants.