The evolution of resistance to antimicrobial agents in gram-negatives has challenged the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory to implement new methods for their timely detection. Recent development has enabled the use of novel methods for more rapid pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detection of resistance markers. Commonly used methods improve the rapidity of resistance detection from both cultured bacteria and specimens. This review focuses on the commercially available systems available together with their technical performance and possible clinical impact.
