Detection of Taenia hydatigena copro-antigens by ELISA in dogs.

A sandwich-ELISA was developed for the detection of soluble Taenia hydatigena antigens in fecal samples of dogs. Affinity-purified polyclonal catching antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated detecting antibodies were employed, which had been obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized with excretory/secretory antigens derived from in vitro maintained adult Taenia hydatigena. The assay allowed the detection of 800 ng T. hydatigena antigen g-1 of feces as a lower limit. Six helminth-free dogs were each infected with 10 T. hydatigena cysticerci isolated from Swiss sheep. After prepatent periods ranging from 57 to 71 days, the dogs started to excrete Taenia eggs and/or proglottids. The ELISA detected Taenia antigens in all six dogs during the prepatent period starting individually between Day 18 and 45 post-infection (p.i.). Anthelmintic treatment of three dogs at Day 95 p.i. resulted in elimination of the cestodes and within the 5 following days in the disappearance of Taenia antigens from feces. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing crude antigens derived from helminths or bacteria. Four Taenia species showed cross-reactivity at concentrations of 5 micrograms protein ml-1. Conversely, no cross-reactions occurred with various antigen batches derived from Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis, Dipylidium caninum, Mesocestoides corti, Diphyllobothrium sp., Toxocara canis and bacterial antigens (Salmonella and Escherichia). Moreover, fecal samples from dogs naturally infected with T. canis (n: 13), hookworms (n: 2), Trichuris vulpis (n: 13) and of 10 dogs with mixed infections with these three nematode groups were tested, and results confirmed the high degree of specificity. The Taenia antigens detectable by this ELISA remained immunologically stable in native feces stored at +25 degrees, +4 degrees or at -20 degrees C for at least 5 days.