Gender and age differences in hand disinfection behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic: field data from Swiss retail stores.

Objectives
To inform about behavioural gender and age differences in compliance with hand hygiene recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland.Design
Observational study (24-25 June and 1-3 July 2020); validation study (4 December 2020); gender and age group estimated by observers.Setting
Observations occurred in five supermarkets.Participants
All customers entering the supermarkets during a 3-hour period per day (n=8245 main study) and during 1 day (n=1918 validation study).Main Outcome Measures
We observed whether people disinfected their hands.Results
The study reveals considerable differences with respect to gender and age: For women, 58.7% (95% CI 57.3 to 60.0%) were disinfecting their hands vs 50.4% (95% CI 48.6 to 52.2%) of men. With respect to age, we identified a steep increase across age groups up to the age of 60 years and older with 35.5% (95% CI 30.7 to 40.5%) of youth (12-17 yrs) disinfecting their hands, 50.5% (95% CI 49.1 to 51.9%) of adults (18-59 yrs) vs 69.0% (95% CI 67.1 to 70.9%) of the golden age group (60-74 yrs) and 67.2% (95% CI 61.1 to 72.9%) of people older than 75 years. The validation study confirmed these differences.Conclusions
The study documents substantial differences in hand hygiene compliance between gender and age groups. This should be considered in the design of protective measures to ensure clean and safe hands.