Selectively attending and remembering relevant information is a key ability for goal directed behavior and is thus critical for leading an autonomous life. In the present study, we tested the influence of cognitive load on memory selectivity. In the study phase, we administered a task-switching paradigm. Pictures and words were presented simultaneously and tasks switched between picture and word classification. Depending on the task, participants had to attend to the picture or to the word. In a subsequent recognition test, we assessed memory for the targets and distractors. Results showed that task switches (vs. task repetitions), a short stimulus presentation duration, a short preparation time, and a long retention interval reduced memory selectivity. In conclusion, higher cognitive load leads to lower selective attention and consequently to lower memory selectivity.
