Testudinid Herpesviruses: A Review

Reptile medicine has been one of the fastest growing disciplines within the veterinary medicine arena during the last 20 yr. Infectious disease has proven to be one of the most interesting and challenging subspecialties of this discipline. Among the most significant pathogens discovered and investigated in the last 2 decades are the Testudinid herpesviruses, previously known as tortoise herpesviruses. The first article describing a bona fide Testudinid herpesvirus dates back to 30 yr ago. Several articles have followed and a number of features of these agents and of their associated diseases are now known. Nevertheless, several questions remain unanswered. The origin of the virus(es), the search for an effective therapy, the issue of the clinically healthy carrier and how to manage them, and the need to develop more-specific and sensitive diagnostic tests are just some of the “big” issues which will need to be tackled in the future. In this article we will review the major features of these viral agents, trying to provide a useful resource for veterinarians and researchers who either need to work with these viruses or simply to familiarize themselves with the topic.