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Conditioned Placebo- and Nocebo-Like Effects in Adolescents: The Role of Conscious Awareness, Sensory Discrimination, and Executive Function

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dc.contributor.authorNeuenschwander, Regula
dc.contributor.authorWeik, Ella
dc.contributor.authorTipper, Christine M.
dc.contributor.authorJensen, Karin
dc.contributor.authorOberlander, Tim F.
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-02T16:27:18Z
dc.date.available2024-09-02T16:27:18Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-19
dc.description.abstractBackground: Conditioning is a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in adults. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects in youth and how they might be influenced by conscious awareness and cognitive abilities. In this study, the role of conditioning on thermal perception in youth was investigated. Methods: Differences in thermal ratings were assessed in response to consciously and non-consciously perceived cues that were conditioned to either low or high heat. Furthermore, we tested whether executive function mediates the effect of conditioning on thermal perception. Thirty-five high-school students (14–17 years) completed an executive function task and underwent a sensory perception paradigm. In a conditioning phase, two distinct neutral faces (conditioned cues) were coupled to either a low or a high temperature stimulus delivered to participants’ forearms. In a testing phase, the conditioned cues, and novel faces (non-conditioned control cues), were paired with identical moderate thermal stimuli. In this testing phase, for half of the participants cues were presented consciously (supraliminally) and for the other half non-consciously (subliminally). Results: We found a significant main effect of cue type on thermal ratings (p = 0.003) in spite of identical heat being administered following all cues. Post-hoc analyses indicated that the nocebo-like effect (conditioned high cue compared to control) was significant (p = 0.027); the placebo-like effect (conditioned low cue compared to control) was non-significant. No difference between cues presented supra- vs. subliminally and no significant interaction effects were found. The association between sensory discrimination and the magnitude of the nocebo-like effect was mediated by executive function. Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this is the first study establishing a relationship between thermal perception, nocebo effects, and executive function in youth. Our results may have important implications for understanding cognitive/ learning processes involved in nocebo effects.
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitut für Psychologie, Entwicklungspsychologie
dc.identifier.doi10.7892/boris.148287
dc.identifier.publisherDOI10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586455
dc.identifier.urihttps://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/38019
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in psychiatry
dc.relation.issn1664-0640
dc.relation.organizationDCD5A442C021E17DE0405C82790C4DE2
dc.subject.ddc100 - Philosophy
dc.subject.ddc100 - Philosophy::150 - Psychology
dc.titleConditioned Placebo- and Nocebo-Like Effects in Adolescents: The Role of Conscious Awareness, Sensory Discrimination, and Executive Function
dc.typearticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.volume11
oairecerif.author.affiliationInstitut für Psychologie, Entwicklungspsychologie
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unibe.date.licenseChanged2020-11-23 15:55:38
unibe.description.ispublishedinpress
unibe.eprints.legacyId148287
unibe.refereedTRUE
unibe.subtype.articlejournal

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