Directly printed aligner therapy: A 12-month evaluation of application and effectiveness.

Introduction
Directly printed aligners (DPAs) are gaining in popularity, potentially streamlining manufacturing, decreasing environmental waste, and offering enhanced adaptation and tailoring. This transition has been facilitated by advances in materials, software, and production. Although DPAs may have enhanced versatility and application in the management of more complex malocclusions, there is little research evaluating their effectiveness.Methods
A total of 54 patients undergoing treatment with DPAs were evaluated for occlusal improvement, overall treatment duration, and adverse effects. Regression models were fit to evaluate the association between the need for refinement, final peer assessment rating (PAR) score, and independent variables, including the total number of aligners and treatment indications.Results
The mean number of aligners in the initial plan was 7.1 ± 2.9 and 5.1 ± 4.3 in maxillary and mandibular arches. Refinement was required in 40.8% (n = 20). The pretreatment PAR score of 17.01 ± 7.93 showed a significant improvement (86.6%), with a final PAR score of 2.25 ± 1.15. Minor complications were noted in 3 participants. The need for refinement was unrelated to the total number of aligners (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.18; P = 0.36). There was weak evidence of an association between the final PAR score and the total number of aligners (odds ratio, -0.03; 95% confidence interval, -0.07 to 0.003, P = 0.07).Conclusions
On the basis of this preliminary retrospective evaluation, DPAs may be used to manage mild-moderate malocclusion, producing a significant reduction in PAR score. Nevertheless, additional prospective research is required to confirm these findings and compare the relative merits of DPAs to alternatives.