›Optimierung‹ and Human Enhancement have become general characteristics of modern society. By focusing on the possibilities of a ›cultural dimension‹ of improvement, this paper searches for alternative ways of framing the question and of defining the problem at hand. For this purpose the paper looks to the Tradition of Neo-Kantianism (Cassirer/Hönigswald) to develop a cultural approach and to propose a way of dealing with ›Optimierung‹ critically.