This chapter addresses several aspects related to colostrum, from its synthesis in the mammary gland to the absorption of the colostrum components by the newborn and its effects on the maturation of the immune and digestive system. This chapter also describes the different colostrum fractions, considering high and low abundant proteins. Additionally, the function of those proteins and their role on the passive immune transfer and nutrition in the newborn animal are also included. Finally, it will be described how different proteomics tools have been utilized in order to answer questions about colostrum associated immunology and nutrition in newborn ungulates
