Proactive Planning of Low-Voltage Networks for the Energy Transition: Benefits Demonstrated in a Large Real Case Study

Abstract

The rapid integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) challenges Distribution System Operators (DSOs) in maintaining a reliable and efficient power supply in low-voltage (LV) networks. Reactive planning methods, which address issues as they arise, often lead to suboptimal asset utilization, repeated infrastructure upgrades, and hinder the integration of new technologies. Proactive methods in LV networks is still limited due to uncertainties in localized DER adoption and computation complexity. Utilizing a comprehensive proactive framework and a scalable simulation environment, we apply our methodology to all the LV-network data from BKW Energie AG, one of Switzerland’s largest DSOs. Our empirical study demonstrates that proactive network planning significantly reduces total investment costs compared to reactive methods by optimizing resource allocation and minimizing repeated upgrades, even under future uncertainties. In addition, proactive approaches enable the optimal integration of On-Load Tap Changers, which enhance voltage regulation capabilities, accommodating higher levels of DER integration without extensive network reinforcements. These results highlight the potential benefits of adopting proactive planning strategies in LV networks, providing DSOs with actionable insights to improve network reliability, efficiency, and adaptability in an evolving energy landscape.