The implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV care clinics in Africa, Asia and Latin America: a multiregional site survey.
Description
Remo Schmutz and Nicolas Banholzer contributed equally.
Marie Ballif and Lukas Fenner contributed equally.
Marie Ballif and Lukas Fenner contributed equally.
Publisher DOI
PubMed ID
41592909
Abstract
Introduction
Towards the 'End TB Strategy' targets, the WHO recommends the provision of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) for high-risk groups including people living with HIV (PLWH). 3 years after the release of the updated 2020 WHO guidelines, we investigated the implementation of TPT services at HIV clinics in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on TB screening, populations eligible for TPT and available TPT regimens.Methods
In 2023, we surveyed HIV care clinics in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium in Africa, the Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. We used descriptive statistics to summarise TPT implementation according to WHO guidelines and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations with clinic characteristics.Results
Of 172 HIV clinics included, 142 (83%) were in Africa, 22 (13%) in the Asia-Pacific and 8 (5%) in Latin America; 108 (63%) were located in urban areas. After ruling out active TB, TPT was reportedly offered to PLWH (122 clinics, 71%), household contacts of individuals with active TB (120 clinics, 70%) and other high-risk populations. TPT for PLWH was more frequently available in clinics in lower-income and low-middle-income countries, in high TB burden countries, and in district hospitals compared with other facility types. Clinics reported use of isoniazid-based (160 clinics, 93%) and shorter rifamycin-based (129 clinics, 75%) TPT regimens. Reported barriers to TPT initiation included patient refusal at 71 (41%) and drug shortages at 67 (39%) clinics.Conclusions
TPT was available at most HIV care clinics in LMICs but further efforts are needed to reinforce WHO recommendations and ensure that TPT is consistently accessible to people at higher risk of developing active TB, especially PLWH.
Towards the 'End TB Strategy' targets, the WHO recommends the provision of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) for high-risk groups including people living with HIV (PLWH). 3 years after the release of the updated 2020 WHO guidelines, we investigated the implementation of TPT services at HIV clinics in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on TB screening, populations eligible for TPT and available TPT regimens.Methods
In 2023, we surveyed HIV care clinics in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium in Africa, the Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean. We used descriptive statistics to summarise TPT implementation according to WHO guidelines and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate associations with clinic characteristics.Results
Of 172 HIV clinics included, 142 (83%) were in Africa, 22 (13%) in the Asia-Pacific and 8 (5%) in Latin America; 108 (63%) were located in urban areas. After ruling out active TB, TPT was reportedly offered to PLWH (122 clinics, 71%), household contacts of individuals with active TB (120 clinics, 70%) and other high-risk populations. TPT for PLWH was more frequently available in clinics in lower-income and low-middle-income countries, in high TB burden countries, and in district hospitals compared with other facility types. Clinics reported use of isoniazid-based (160 clinics, 93%) and shorter rifamycin-based (129 clinics, 75%) TPT regimens. Reported barriers to TPT initiation included patient refusal at 71 (41%) and drug shortages at 67 (39%) clinics.Conclusions
TPT was available at most HIV care clinics in LMICs but further efforts are needed to reinforce WHO recommendations and ensure that TPT is consistently accessible to people at higher risk of developing active TB, especially PLWH.
Date Issued
2026-01-27
Publication Type
Article
Subjects
Cross-sectional survey
•
HIV
•
Prevention strategies
•
Tuberculosis
Language(s)
en
Author(s)
Shearer, Kate | |
Golub, Jonathan E | |
Cortes, Claudia P | |
Messou, Eugène | |
Mbonze, Nana | |
Musaazi, Joseph | |
Muula, Guy | |
Alam, Anggraini | |
Varela, Diana | |
Poda, Armel | |
Brazier, Ellen | |
Diero, Lameck | |
Kunzekwenyika, Cordelia | |
Jiamsakul, Awachana | |
Rouzier, Vanessa | |
Zannou, Marcel | |
Yotebieng, Marcel | |
Enane, Leslie A | |
Gareta, Dickman | |
Komena, Eric | |
Lelo, Patricia | |
Muyindike, Winnie | |
Euvrard, Jonathan | |
Duda, Stephany N | |
Shah, N Sarita | |
Cox, Samyra R | |
Journal
BMJ Global Health
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
ISSN
2059-7908
Access(Rights)
open.access